Epigenetics is the study of how our nutrient intake alters gene expression. A recent paper suggests that long chain omega-3 fatty acids as found in fish promote fat burning. The omega-3 fats also decrease body fat deposition. The genes influenced by omega-3 fats are also involved with glucose metabolism. In rodent models omega-3 fats have improved insulin sensitivity.
The same study suggests that arachidonic acid commonly found in the American food supply may promote cancer growth and the formation of new fat cells.
This study also notes that there are a number of obstacles to obtaining sufficient intake of the long chain essential fatty acids. Vitamin B6 deficiency is a crucial inhibitor, especially in older people. Use of alcohol and drugs can also inhibit synthesis and utilization of essential fatty acids. Stress also impairs fatty acid metabolism.
Reference:
Benatti, Paola, et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biochemical, nutritional and epigenetic properties, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2004; 23(4), 281-302.
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